amarproject.org

Por Marc Torres

Hoy en día, casi el 90% del transporte de mercancías se produce por vía marítima. Este amplio volumen de transporte marítimo implica una elevada cantidad de emisiones de gases contaminantes: casi el 4% del total. Además, se calcula que solo debido a los accidentes marítimos, se abocan unas 150.000 toneladas de crudo al año. Esto representa apenas un 2,5% de la polución abocada al mar anualmente. También cabe destacar el alto nivel de contaminación acústica que producen estos navíos, la cual afecta a todos los organismos del mar, un ecosistema en el que, sin luz, el sonido es muy importante para la vida.

Desde AMar os queremos hablar de una posible solución a muchos de estos problemas: los buques 100% eléctricos.

En Dinamarca encontramos el “E-Ferry Ellen”, que empezó su servicio en junio del 2019. Su construcción empezó en agosto de 2016, mediante un proyecto que fue el fruto de un acuerdo entre el ayuntamiento de Aero y la Unión Europea. Está capacitado para transportar 30 vehículos y 200 pasajeros entre las islas de Aero y Als (22 millas náuticas), en el sur de Dinamarca. El 15 de agosto de 2019 substituyó al Skjoldnæs, el barco que realizaba ese mismo servicio hasta el momento. Se prevé que con su funcionamiento, se consiga ahorrar la emisión de 2000 toneladas de C02 por año.

El buque danés E-Ferry Ellen

En Japón, se está acabando de construir el buque cisterna “E5”, que se convertirá en el primer petrolero totalmente eléctrico del mundo. Este barco tendrá como trabajo servir de gasolinera flotante en la bahía de Tokio. Además, se podrán usar sus baterías de 3,5 MWh (equivalente a más de 40 baterías de un Tesla Model 3) para los servicios de emergencias en caso de catástrofe natural.

Imagen de lo que será el buque cisterna E5

El “Yara Birkeland”, en Noruega, está a punto de convertirse en el primer barco portacontenedores eléctrico del mundo. Después de probar el buen funcionamiento del sistema eléctrico, se prevé que empiece a surcar los mares en unos meses. Se trata de una embarcación de 80 metros de eslora y un peso de 3200 toneladas, por lo que será el pionero eléctrico en barcos de tales dimensiones. Su función será transportar fertilizantes en viajes de unas 31 millas náuticas, cosa que permitirá ahorrar la emisión de gases contaminantes equivalentes al de 40.000 viajes de camión diésel al año.

Portacontenedores Yara Birkeland

A parte de estos grandes buques de transporte, también están por salir a la luz cruceros turísticos 100% eléctricos, y los modelos de embarcaciones recreativas eléctricas están proliferando cada vez más. Este avance nos ayudará a reducir las emisiones de gases contaminantes, bajará el nivel de polución en el mar y disminuirá casi por completo la contaminación acústica producida por los actuales motores de combustible, cosa que será beneficiosa para la fauna marina.

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